BUZZWORD
DIAGNOSIS
WHY IT APPEARS
PAGE
"Worst headache of my life"
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Sudden arterial blood in subarachnoid space (berry aneurysm)
Epidural hematoma
Arterial bleed takes time to expand after brief concussion
Albuminocytologic dissociation
Guillain-Barré
Inflamed roots leak protein; no CSF cells
Tetralogy of Fallot
Right ventricular hypertrophy lifts the apex
Coarctation of the aorta
Enlarged intercostal collaterals erode ribs
Continuous machinery murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus
Aorta → pulmonary artery flow in systole and diastole
Kerley B lines, bat-wing opacities
Left heart failure
Interstitial and alveolar edema from high pulmonary venous pressure
Honeycomb lung, lower lobes
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Cystic spaces in end-stage fibrotic lung
Hematogenous metastases
Tumor emboli lodge in lung capillaries
Achalasia
LES can't relax; esophagus dilates above it
Duodenal atresia
Gas trapped in stomach and proximal duodenum
Intussusception
Venous congestion of telescoped bowel → bloody mucus
String sign · lead pipe colon
Crohn disease · ulcerative colitis
Narrowed fibrotic ileum · loss of haustra
Left-sided colon carcinoma
Annular napkin-ring tumor narrows the lumen
Complete hydatidiform mole
Diffusely swollen villi, no fetus
Codman triangle · sunburst
Osteosarcoma
Tumor lifts periosteum and lays spicules of bone
Ewing sarcoma
Layered periosteal reaction around a diaphyseal tumor
Giant cell tumor
Expansile lytic lesion with thin septa
Bamboo spine · pencil-in-cup
Ankylosing spondylitis · psoriatic arthritis
Syndesmophytes fuse vertebrae · erosive DIP destruction